A significant decline in sunshine hours revealed in most Indian regions.
A recent study conducted by researchers from Banaras Hindu University, the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, and the India Meteorological Department has revealed a concerning trend: the decline in sunshine hours received annually in most parts of India has been observed every year between 1988 and 2018. This analysis, published in the journal Scientific Reports, utilized data from over 20 meteorological stations across nine diverse regions of the country.
Regional Variations of Decline in Sunshine
Himalayan Region
The Himalayan region experienced the most significant decrease, with an average reduction of approximately 9.5 hours of sunshine per year during the study period. This decline could impact agriculture, tourism, and overall regional climate patterns.
West Coast
The west coast of India also witnessed a notable decrease, with sunshine hours falling by over 8.5 hours annually. This can affect solar energy production and local weather conditions.
Deccan Plateau
In the Deccan Plateau, the decline was more moderate, with an average reduction of 3 hours per year. Even this smaller reduction may influence regional ecosystems and human activities.
Northeastern Region
The northeastern states experienced the smallest decrease, averaging about 1.5 hours less sunshine per year. While modest, it still has cumulative effects on agriculture and daily life.
Seasonal Patterns and Variations
The study found seasonal differences in sunshine hours. October to May generally saw an increase, but June-July experienced significant reductions in six regions. The northern inland and Himalayan regions, however, showed opposite trends with increased sunshine during these months.
Causes of Decline in Sunshine
Researchers point to several reasons for the drop in sunshine hours:
- Aerosol Pollution: Industrial emissions, vehicles, and biomass burning increase particles in the air, blocking sunlight.
- Urbanization and Industrialization: Rapid city and factory growth since the 1990s has increased pollution levels.
- Land-Use Changes: Deforestation and changes in agriculture have altered local climate patterns.
Impact on Health: Rising Vitamin D Deficiency
One important consequence of reduced sunshine hours is a potential increase in Vitamin D deficiency. Sunshine is a natural source of Vitamin D, which is essential for bone health, immunity, and overall well-being. A continued decline in sunshine exposure may worsen deficiencies, especially in urban populations already spending less time outdoors.
Implications for Solar Energy and Climate Policy
The decline in sunshine hours also affects India’s solar energy initiatives, which depend on consistent sunlight. The findings emphasize the need for climate policies addressing pollution control, sustainable urban planning, and clean energy promotion to mitigate further reductions in sunshine.
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Conclusion
Over the past three decades, India has experienced a significant drop in sunshine hours, with potential consequences for climate, energy, agriculture, and health. Addressing the causes and planning for adaptation is crucial to reduce impacts like Vitamin D deficiency and ensure sustainable development.
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